groups of non-Jewish Greeks or Romans who form associations. We see the collection of funds, either for the temple in Jerusalem or for community projects like building upkeep, or for funeral arrangements [...] reasons for their existence. First, many Jews may have emigrated during or after the Maccabean period (140-37 BCE). The “Maccabean” or Hasmonean kings, the ruling class of the newly-independent Judea, established [...] Regardless, the fact is that Jews did congregate in smaller or larger groups in the various cities in which they lived, but that these groups were modeled or at the very least named after models used by the indigenous

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