example of this is the word synagogue; when found on a tomb it is usually taken as a designation of Jewishness. However, we also find examples of inscriptions for a “synagogue” of barbers, which, because [...] the best to highlight the problem of a definitive identification for these materials, is the case of a first century c.e. manumission inscription which starts with a dedication to “the highest, almighty [...] and so this power dynamic should be taken into account when examining the construction of a diaspora identity. For a final word on Judaism, I would end by paraphrasing the epilogue of Second Maccabees, and