Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
In the geographical area under analysis, Beira Alta (Center-North Portugal), we assist to an increasing development of Late Bronze Age settlements, due, we believe, to the introduction of a new element in the agro-pastoralist based economies: the production and circulation of metals, especially gold and tin. The archaeological record seems to sustain this thesis. They also confirm growing and widening contacts between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean worlds. In the wake of these changes new elites might have appeared, along with them different languages or new forms of power. On a platform situated outside Paramuna walled site, a new set of rock engravings has recently been discovered with possible representations of weapons. This platform may be related to a passage leading to the inner area of this settlement. This paper introduces this site to the academic world, which seemed to have been, so far, totally unaware of its existence. The rock carvings are also duly analyzed. At the end, it sets an approach on the association between those rock carvings and Late Bronze Age communities by trying to insert the former into the ideological, political and economical frame that compelled the people to produce them. Keywords: Late Bronze Age, Rock engravings of weapons; Power
Actas del III Simposio Internacional de Arqueología de …
O Outro Lado Do Comércio Orientalizante: Aspectos Da Produção Metalúrgica No Pólo Indígena, O Caso Das Beiras Portuguesas2005 •
Trabalhos de Arqueologia da EAM
Between myth and reality: the foundry area of Senhora da Guia de …2000 •
Both the districts of Guarda and Viseu are part of Beira Alta’s region. Viseu’s district has some geographic and cultural traits of Atlantic kind. On the contrary, the geographic and cultural features of Guarda’s district are more of a continental type. Accordingly, Guarda’s district can be better defined as Beira Interior, forming a unity with Castelo Branco’s. This geographic and administrative dichotomy is also a reflection of what we find in the archaeological record. In Viseu’s district we find a lot more of megalithic tombs and other burial mounds. On the other hand, Viseu’s district has a very special “package” of rock art. In here we can distinguish two different traditions - an Atlantic one and second one corresponding to an engraved variant of the painted schematic art that we find in Portugal’s border and in all the Spanish country eastward. We’ve been collecting, since 1997, in Beira Alta, evidence showing us that this kind of engravings can be even older than those of Atlantic tradition. In synthesis, it is possible to define 4 artistic cycles in Beira Alta: one that corresponds to an engraved variant of schematic art dated from the end of the IV – beginning of the III millennium BC; a second one integrated in the Atlantic tradition that should be dated from Early Bronze Age; a third from Late Bronze Age characterized by footprints, horseshoes, phallic motifs and other figures; a fourth dated from Iron Age characterized by the use of incision.
Bettancourt, Sanches, Alves y Fábregas eds: Conceptualising spaces and place...BAR 2058,2010
METAL AND THE SYMBOLS OF ANCESTORSAbstract: The Rock Art Studies Bibliographic Database is an open access, online resource that fulfills the need for a searchable portal into the world's rock art literature. Geared to the broadest interests of rock art researchers, students, cultural resource managers, and the general public, the RAS database makes rock art literature accessible through a simple search interface that facilitates inquiries into multiple data fields, including authors' names, title and publication, place-name and subject keywords, ISBN/ISSN number, and abstract. The results of a data search can further be sorted by any of the data fields, including: authors' names, date, title, and so forth. An ever increasing number of citations within the database include web links to online versions of the reference cited, and many citations include full author's abstracts. The data compilation has been undertaken by Leigh Marymor with the year 2018 marking the 25th year of continuous revision and expansion of the data. Over 38,900 citations are currently contained in the database. The RAS database first launched online as a joint project of the Bay Area Rock Art Research Association and University of California's Bancroft Library. After thirteen years of collaboration, the project found a new home and collaborator at the Anthropology Department at the Museum of Northern Arizona. The Rock Art of Portugal bibliography results from an export of data from the RAS database and captures a freeze-frame in the state of the rock art literature for Portuguese rock art as compiled at the beginning of the year 2019. The online version of the RAS Bibliographic Database at the Museum of Northern Arizona is updated annually, and we refer the reader to that resource for up-to-date bibliographic data revisions and additions. Researchers who consult the online database in concert with their reference to the Portugal Rock Art bibliography will discover a powerful ally in further refining geographic and thematic inquiries. Keywords: Portugal; Europe; rock art studies; bibliography.
Conceptualising Space and Place
Metal and the Symbols of ancestors in Northern Iberia2010 •
Our research on Megalithic Art in the Iberian Peninsula covers questions related to the role of human figures in domestic and funerary contexts of megalithism. In this paper we intend to analyse the graphic and ideological course manifested by the representation of armed figures in northern Iberia. The emergence of metal weapons does not imply a drastic ideological change but rather the transformation and use of already known mythologies to justify the prominent position of leaders who reiterate the graphic and funerary gestures of their ancestors. They set up as heirs of the tradition. At present, graphic representations assists in the analysis of significant aspects related with metallurgy in this area, supporting more complex perspectives than those traditionally admitted and disqualifying categorical statements about a degree of marginalization, which has never been documented by archaeological evidence. The study of the armed stela of Soalar, Navarra, provide elements for discussing the role of armed figures in Northern Iberia as well as issues on the presence or absence of specific weapons typologies, especially halberds. Statues, stelae, menhirs and decorated stones allow us to reconstruct an aggregated population model that, perhaps from the Mesolithic onwards, associates domestic areas and funerary monuments presided by anthropomorphic images. The respect for the memory of the ancestors enjoys a wide validity. Also, the confluence of later structures, like the stone settings of Sejos, Peña Oviedo or Soalar, allied to the use of natural caves in the 1st millennium BC, confirm that this memory still endorses the settlement of groups in the same territories. Naming these territories as ‘traditional’ is consistent with their constant use and, above all, relates with the ideological justification used by their inhabitants that rests upon long-standing consuetudinary recognition up to the Iron Age. Keywords: Neolithic, Copper Age; metalwork; ancestors; graphic expressions
Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry
Entangled Worlds: Materiality, Archaeometry and Mediterranean-Atlantic Identities in western Iberia2008 •
Graphical markers and megalihs builders in the International Tagus. Iberian Peninsula. BAR International Series 1765.
Graphical markers and megalith builders L2008 •
2017 •
Late Prehistoric Fortifications in Europe: Defensive, Symbolic and Territorial Aspects from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age Proceedings of the International Colloquium 'FortMetalAges'
Walls and Castros. Delimitation structures in the proto-historic settlements of Entre Douro and Vouga region (central-north Portugal)P. Bueno-Ramírez, R. Barroso-Bermejo & R. de Balbín-Behrmann, eds Graphical markers and megalith builders in the International Tagus, Iberian Peninsula
Tombs and rock carvings in the Serra Vermelha and Serra de Alvélos (Oleiros – Castelo Branco)BAR INTERNATIONAL SERIES
Plain Sailing? Later Bronze Age Western Iberia at the Cross-roads of the Atlantic and Mediterranean2000 •
2010 •
[BAR International Series 2878], Oxford: BAR Publishing, p. 63-76 ISBN 978 1 4073 1484 6
SILVA, António Manuel S. P.; LEITE, J.; LEMOS, P.; FIGUEIREDO, M. (2017) – Rock art places and contexts at Gralheira massif (Central-NW Portugal): a general overview. In Bettencourt, A. et al. (eds.) – Recorded Places,Experienced Places. The Holocene rock art of the Iberian Atlantic north-westRendering Death: Ideological and Archaeological narratives from Recent Prehistory (Iberia)
The mound at Cimo dos Valeiros (Serra Vermelha, Oleiros, Castelo Branco). A Neolithic burial site in the Central Cordillera, south of Serra da Estrela. Authors: J. Caninas et alEuropean Journal of Archaeology
Reconnecting the Late Neolithic social landscape: a microregional study of objects, settlements and tombs from Iberia2014 •
Recorded Places, Experienced Places. The Holocene Rock Art of the Iberian Atlantic Northwest
Shape and meaning: engraved weapons as materialisations of the Calcolithic/Early Bronze Age cosmogony in north-west Iberia2016 •
2004 •
J.C. DOMÍNGUEZ PÉREZ Ed. Gadir y el Círculo del Estrecho revisados. Propuestas de la arqueología desde un enfoque social. Cádiz. Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía. p.285-296.
SENNA-MARTINEZ, J. C. (2011) – La «conexión lusitana»: contactos orientalizantes y búsqueda de estaño y oro en el Centro-Norte portugués.smogony in North-west Iberia. British Archaeological Reports [International Series]
Santos-Estévez, M.; Bettencourt, A.M.S.; SAMPAIO, H.A.; Brochado, C. & Cardoso, D. (2017). Shape and meaning: engraved weapons as materializations of the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age cosmogony in North-west Iberia. British Archaeological Reports [International Series], p. 151-166.2017 •